Who is the most popular psychiatrist?
Popular psychologists
There are many popular psychologists in the area. From Sigmund Freud to Albert Ellis, these psychologists have left their mark on the study of human behavior. Wilhelm Wundt wrote Principles of Physiological Psychology in 1874, which was the first book on experimental psychology. He thought that psychology was the scientific study of what it means to be aware.
After working at the Vienna General Hospital, Freud went to Paris to study with neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot. His experience changed him and made him curious about how the mind and body work together.
After returning to Vienna, he started his first practice and began specializing in nervous and brain disorders. He found that hypnosis didn’t work, so he came up with a new way to treat people by having them talk freely and recording what they said.
Anna Freud was the youngest of Sigmund Freud’s six children. Like her father, she made a contribution to the field. She helped start child psychoanalysis and, in her book The Ego and Its Mechanisms of Defense, added to her father’s ideas about how the ego protects itself.
She also wrote Normality and Pathology in Childhood, which was meant to help teachers, parents, nurses, doctors, and lawyers understand how children grow and change. She stressed the importance of creating attachments with children.
Lev Semionovich Vygotsky (he later spelled his name Vygotskii) was born in Orsha, now part of Belarus, in 1896. He grew up in a middle-class Jewish home that didn’t believe in God.
After he graduated, he went back to his hometown of Gomel and helped the Bolshevik government change the way people lived there. He also went to a meeting in London about how to teach the deaf.
He wowed the audience and was asked to join the Moscow Institute of Experimental Psychology. Before he died of tuberculosis, he worked as a worker for nine years. He developed the sociocultural theory of cognitive development, including the concept of the zone of proximal development.
Ellis was born in Pittsburgh in 1913. Before getting his master’s in clinical psychology, he got a bachelor’s degree in business and worked as a marriage and family counselor. Later, he wrote a lot about taboo subjects, like human sexuality, and started what is now called the Albert Ellis Institute.
He made logical emotional behavior therapy, which is an important part of cognitive behavioral therapy. In a survey done by clinical psychologists in 1982, when asked who had the most effect on their field, they chose him over Freud.
Mary Whiton Calkins was an early pioneer in psychology, both as a researcher and as the first female head of the APA. Her work influenced the self-oriented framework of modern psychology, which is still widely practiced today.
Her research focuses on human memory, perception, and cognitive development. Her work also made it less important in psychology to study behaviorism. Calkins made plans to study with William James and Josiah Royce, two professors at Harvard. At the same time, he went to Clark University to study experimental psychology with Edmund Sanford.
Clark was born in Hot Springs, Arkansas, in 1917. Her parents pushed her to study and go to college. She went to Howard University with the help of grants, where she studied math and physics. But because her professors didn’t back her, she changed her mind and went to school for psychology instead.
Her master’s thesis on racial preference and identification in Black children led her and her husband, Kenneth Clark, to work together on their doctoral dissertation. In their famous experiment, they showed kids two dolls, one white and one black, and asked them to choose which one they liked better. Their research was a big part of why the Supreme Court’s “separate but equal” decision about education was overturned.
Raymond Cattell was one of the most important psychologists of the 20th century. He came up with new ways to analyze data that made it possible to get more accurate measures of personality and intelligence.
He started out his academic career studying chemistry and physics, but after the outbreak of World War I, he changed his major to psychology. He then got his Ph.D. in 1929 from the University of London.
He is most famous for his ideas of fluid and crystallized intelligence but also worked on many other psychological topics, such as the emergence of adulthood. He was a controversial figure, however, due to his support of eugenics and his racial theories.
Edward Bradford Titchener brought Wilhelm Wundt’s experimental psychology to the United States. He started the first psychology lab in the country and wrote a guidebook that was used by many people. He also created the largest doctoral school in psychology and guided many students, including Margaret Floy Washburn, the first woman to earn a Ph.D. in psychology.
Structuralism tried, in a way similar to chemistry, to break down ideas and feelings into their parts. Titchener was a big reason why psychology became a study based on facts.
After a bad case of polio, Hull chose to change from being an engineer to becoming a psychologist. Edward Thorndike and John B. Watson, who were early behaviorists and pushed for the objective study of behavior, had an effect on him.
Hull had trouble with his health and money, but he still got his degree in psychology and went on to teach many of the psychologists of the future. He is known for his drive theory and study of hypnosis. He is also known for putting a lot of importance on using strict scientific methods.
